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Communiqua is one of the leading center for learning language courses in Chennai. For more details please contact

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Email id

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Communiqua Address

#166-A, Purasaiwalkam High Road, Purasaiwalkam Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600010

Min Chinese

Min or Miin is a broad group of Chinese varieties spoken by over 70 million people in the southeastern Chinese province of Fujian as well as by migrants from this province in Guangdong, Hainan, three counties in southern Zhejiang, Zhoushan archipelago off Ningbo, some towns in Liyang, Jiangyin City in Jiangsu province, and Taiwan. where-to-learn-chinese-language-in-chennai The name is derived from the Min River in Fujian. Min varieties are not mutually intelligible with any other varieties of Chinese.

There are many Min speakers among overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. The most widely spoken variety of Min outside Fujian is Hokkien (which includes Taiwanese and Amoy).

History

The Min homeland of Fujian was opened to Chinese settlement by the defeat of the Minyue state by the armies of Emperor Wu of Han in 110 BC. The area features rugged mountainous terrain, with short rivers that flow into the South China Sea. where-to-learn-chinese-language-in-chennai Most subsequent migration from north to south China passed through the valleys of the Xiang and Gan rivers to the west, so that Min varieties have experienced less northern influence than other southern groups. As a result, whereas most varieties of Chinese can be treated as derived from Middle Chinese, the language described by rhyme dictionaries such as the Qieyun (601 AD), Min varieties contain traces of older distinctions. Linguists estimate that the oldest layers of Min dialects diverged from the rest of Chinese around the time of the Han dynasty. However, significant waves of migration from the North China Plain occurred.

The Uprising of the Five Barbarians during the Jin dynasty, particularly the Disaster of Yongjia in 311 AD, caused a tide of immigration to the south.

A layer from the Northern and Southern Dynasties period, which is largely consistent with the phonology of the Qieyun dictionary.

A literary layer based on the koiné of Chang'an, the capital of the Tang dynasty.

Subgrouping

Min is usually described as one of seven or ten groups of varieties of Chinese but has greater dialectal diversity than any of the other groups.

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The varieties used in neighbouring counties, and in the mountains of western Fujian even in adjacent villages, are often mutually unintelligible.

Early classifications, such as those of Li Fang-Kuei in 1937 and Yuan Jiahua in 1960, divided Min into Northern and Southern subgroups.

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However, in a 1963 report on a survey of Fujian, Pan Maoding and colleagues argued that the primary split was between inland and coastal groups. A key discriminator between the two groups is the evolution of the voiced and unvoiced lateral consonants reconstructed in the ancestral form of Min.

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Wu Chinese

Wu is a group of linguistically similar and historically related varieties of Chinese language primarily spoken in Zhejiang province, the municipality of Shanghai, and southern Jiangsu province.

Major Wu dialects include those of Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Wenzhou, Ningbo, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, and Yongkang. learn-chinese-language-in-chennai Wu speakers, such as Chiang Kai-shek, Lu Xun, and Cai Yuanpei, occupied positions of great importance in modern Chinese language culture and politics. Wu can also be found being used in Shaoxing opera, which is second only in national popularity to Peking opera; as well as in the performances of the popular entertainer and comedian Zhou Libo. Wu is also spoken in a large number of diaspora communities, with significant centers of immigration originating from Qingtian and Wenzhou.

Wu dialects have the largest vowel quality inventories in the world. The Jinhui dialect spoken in Shanghai's Fengxian District has 20 vowel qualities, the most among all world languages.

Wu Chinese, along with Min, is also of great significance to historical linguists due their retention of many ancient features. learn-chinese-language-in-chennai These two languages have proven pivotal in determining the phonetic history of the Sinitic languages.

Geographic distribution

Wu varieties are spoken in most of Zhejiang province, the municipality of Shanghai, southern Jiangsu province, as well as smaller parts of Anhui, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces.

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Many are located in the lower Yangzi valley.

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Communiqua is one of the leading center for learning language courses in Chennai. For more details please contact

Mobile Number

7200077122

Email id

communiqua@gmail.com

Communiqua Address
#166-A, Purasaiwalkam High Road, Purasaiwalkam Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600010

Standard Chinese

Standard Chinese, also known as Modern Standard Mandarin or Standard Mandarin, also often referred to as Putonghua or simply Mandarin, is a standard language that is the sole official language of both China and Taiwan, and also one of the four official languages of Singapore. chinese-speaking-courses-in-chennai The pronunciation of the standard is based on the Beijing dialect, its vocabulary is drawn from Mandarin dialects, and the grammar is based on literature in the modern written vernacular.

Like other varieties of Chinese, Standard Chinese is a tonal language. It has more initial consonants but fewer vowels, final consonants and tones than southern varieties. Standard Chinese is an analytic language, though with many compound words. Like other varieties of Chinese language it is a topic-prominent language and has subject–verb–object word order.

The language is written using either traditional or simplified Chinese characters, augmented by Hanyu Pinyin romanization or Bopomofo for pedagogical purposes.

History

The Chinese have different languages in different provinces, to such an extent that they cannot understand each other also have another language which is like a universal and common language; this is the official language of the mandarins and of the court; it is among them like Latin among ourselves.

Late empire

The Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) and the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) began to use the term guanhuà , or "official speech", to refer to the speech used at the courts. chinese-speaking-courses-in-chennai The term "Mandarin" is borrowed directly from Portuguese. The Portuguese word mandarim, derived from the Sanskrit word mantrin "counselor or minister", was first used to refer to the Chinese bureaucratic officials. The Portuguese then translated guanhuà as "the language of the mandarins" or "the mandarin language".

Modern China

After the Republic of China was established in 1912, there was more success in promoting a common national language. A Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation was convened with delegates from the entire country. A Dictionary of National Pronunciation was published in 1919, defining a hybrid pronunciation that did not match any existing speech.

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Meanwhile, despite the lack of a workable standardized pronunciation, colloquial literature in written vernacular Chinese continued to develop apace.

Gradually, the members of the National Language Commission came to settle upon the Beijing dialect, which became the major source of standard national pronunciation due to its prestigious status. In 1932, the commission published the Vocabulary of National Pronunciation for Everyday Use, with little fanfare or official announcement.

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This dictionary was similar to the previous published one except that it normalized the pronunciations for all characters into the pronunciation of the Beijing dialect. Elements from other dialects continue to exist in the standard language, but as exceptions rather than the rule.

In 1956, the standard language of the People's Republic of China was officially defined as: "Putonghuà is the standard form of Modern Chinese with the Beijing phonological system as its norm of pronunciation, and Northern dialects as its base dialect, and looking to exemplary modern works in báihuà 'vernacular literary language' for its grammatical norms."

Wednesday, 24 August 2016

where-to-learn-chinese-language-in-chennai

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